Electrical devices and their effective use

At the moment, almost every person wants to learn how to save electricity in everyday life.Energy saving in everyday life is considerable popularly, as it does not require special investments, but can significantly save

Electricity tariffs are constantly growing.That is why many people try to limit their costs.Now there are a huge amount of special information that will help to comply with the elementary rules of the culture of energy consumption.If you are interested, then you can read about compensation for reactive power.

Savings on lighting public places

Usually, in order to solve such a problem, you need to set the motion sensors.They will help to include lighting only in the required period.If such devices are covered in the entrance, then you need to remember that your house will be able to save a significant amount of funds.If necessary, you can also significantly save your funds.To perform this process, you need to install a semiconductor diode in a wire break.

Now the diode will need to be placed in the circuit breaker.The diode will carry out a certain amount of electricity through itself.The voltage will be significantly reduced, and you can accordingly be able to significantly save your funds.

Electricity saving when using household appliances

Electricity in everyday life accounts for 9-10% of all necessary energy.And although when using household electrical engineering, the possibilities of energy conservation (compared with heating and hot water) are limited, but according to the bills you paid, you see that this type of energy is relative to roads.When buying household electrical engineering, pay attention to energy consumption, compare various models and manufacturers.

In a family of 4 people 1/5 of electricity, it is going to care for things and clothes.The use of modern technology and a change in our habits will save up to 40% of electricity

Energy saving in the kitchen

If you plan to use an electric kettle, then it is not necessary to fill it to the end.Water must be poured in such quantities that it is enough for a certain period.This must be done so that the kettle does not use additional electricity.If you plan to use an electric stove, then you need to remember that in order to save a significant tool you need to choose dishes that will fully correspond to the size of the plate.If you are interested, then you can additionally read about energy -saving thermostats.

The main directions of energy conservation in everyday life

Depending on the climatic conditions, type and size of the dwelling, heating systems, the availability of gas, specific measures aimed at saving resources may vary.But the main directions of increasing energy efficiency in everyday life are:

• Heat saving.Insulation of walls, ceilings and basements.Replacing windows and doors with new metal -plastic or sealing old, sealing cracks and holes.Installation behind the heating battery of aluminum foil or heat -reflecting screen.Replacing cast iron radiators with bimetallic or aluminum.Glazing of the loggia and balcony.All measures in the complex will help increase the temperature in the room by 4-5 degrees without increasing the cost of the Engir Coiner.
• Saving water.Installation of the metering device consumed water.Replacing rotary cranes on mixers with lever switches.Checking and repairing the drain tank in the toilet, installation of a two -kin tank.Less often take a bath, use a shower more.Do not turn on the water with a full stream without much need.When shaving and brushing your teeth, close the crane.Use the dishwasher and washing machine with relatively complete loading them.In general, it is possible to reduce the flow of water by 3-4 times.
• Gas saving.With individual gas heating, all measures aimed at maintaining heat and hot water automatically lead to gas savings.When cooking, it is rational to use modern stainless steel dishes with a polished bottom.All dishes should be clean and even, correspond to the size of the burner.Check the adjacent density of the oven door so that hot air does not come out.The prospect of cost reduction is 2-3 times.

Energy -saving lighting devices

Usually, apartments that have long corridors use lighting that burns constantly.To start saving you need to use energy -saving incandescent lamps.These lamps have a long guarantee and therefore you can definitely save significant funds.If you plan to choose high -quality lamps, then you should choose a good manufacturer.

Also, if you plan to save significant funds, then you need to use only light wallpaper.Try not to neglect natural light in your house.

Energy consumption in everyday life - where can I save?

Of all the energy consumption in everyday life, the lion's share - 79% goes to heating of the premises, 15% of energy is spent on heat processes (water heating, cooking, etc.), 5% of energy consumes electric household appliances and 1% energy is consumed for lighting, radio and television equipment.

What is 1 kW of energy?

You will need 1 kW of energy in order to:

• 50 hours to listen to the radio;
• 110 hours shave with an electric brow;
• For 17 hours, leave a 60 watts light burn;
• 12 hours watch a color TV;
• Vacuum 2 hours;
• take a 5-minute shower;
• Heat at 6 degrees a full bath of water (150 l).

Safe work with electricity in everyday life

Electricity has been serving for almost two centuries for almost two centuries, and from year to year its role in the life of a modern person has been steadily increasing.We can also boldly say that at present electricity has penetrated into almost all the most important spheres of the life of modern society.

The widespread use of electric energy is associated, first of all, with a relative simple mechanism for turning it into other types of energy.With the help of a variety of types of heating devices, a person manages to receive thermal energy for cooking or for heating the premises.In lighting devices, electrical energy turns into light, and with the help of an electric motor we easily turn the energy of electricity into mechanical energy.

But with all this, it is necessary to constantly remember that behind the visible harmlessness and simplicity of electrical energy, a significant threat to human life and health can be hidden.When using various mechanisms for converting electricity, one should not forget for a minute about compliance with precautions and safe methods of working in electrical circuits and with household appliances included in these circuits.

Significantly complicates the situation that the electric current is not possible to see or hear either.We can detect the presence of electric current in the conductor only with the help of measuring devices specially designed for these purposes.

Therefore, the first condition for the correct use of electric current energy should be the mandatory compliance with the elementary rules and techniques for safe working with it.The study of the causes of electroumatism in everyday life indicates that these causes are not in great variety and do not change for several decades.

The main causes of electroumatism in everyday life are:

• violation of elementary rules and methods of working with electricity;
• operation of faulty household appliances;
• careless handling of electrical installations in the personal plot;
• Attempts to independently repair electrical equipment and electric wiring by persons who do not have the necessary skills and qualifications.

It is necessary to remember the several of the most general rules, the observance of which will allow you to protect yourself from all kinds of troubles that often arise during the operation of household appliances:

1. Quite often, the cause of electric shock is destroying the insulation of the electrical wiring (or electroshnuers) in the places accessible to touch them.For this reason, it is necessary to periodically conduct an external inspection of the electrical wiring and check the insulation resistance of its wires, and if the insulation violation is detected, take the most urgent measures to restore it.
2. All electrical circuits must be protected from short circuits and overloads using automatic circuit breakers or smooth inserts installed in the corresponding lines (in the distribution shields of the house or apartment).The current installations of these devices should be calibrated so that the protection devices are triggered at currents exceeding the set values.
3. The operation of apartment electrical networks is possible only with completely serviceable installation elements of the wiring (sockets, distribution boxes, switches, etc.).
4. Network cords of household electrical appliances in places of damage or breakdown of conductive cores can be very heated, which is often the cause of the fire of the wires.Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the serviceability of the wires and forks of network cords.
5. Before repairing the failed electrical appliance, it is necessary to turn off this electrical appliance from the network.But the most optimal solution in this case will be the invitation of a qualified specialist who will quickly and efficiently eliminate the malfunction.
6. It is necessary to very carefully monitor the presence of protective grounding of all metal parts and housings of electrical installations.Protective grounding will reliably protect you from electric shock in case of violation of electrical wiring insulation and when the network voltage appears on the electrical appliance case.

Chronology of the practical use of electricity

Almost at the same time, the theory of electricity begins the history of the practical application of electricity.In 1809, the Englishman Delaru was building the first incandescent lamp with a tungsten thread.But this lamp differs from modern incandescent lamps, like a cart wheel from the boat slopes.

65 years passed until July 11, 1874, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin did not patent the first incandescent lamp in a vacuum flask.In general, in this decade of the 19th century, lamps were invented as “hot pies”.

This is the Didrichson lamp (the improved Lodygin lamp), and the Yablochkov candle (the first lamp in which it was not necessary to maintain the distance between the electrodes) and the Edison lamp with a platinum thread of incandescent in 1879.By the way, Edison was the first to invent (patented) a switch.

But platinum threads could not have much use after Lodygin in 1890 in 1890 of the incandescent threads from refractory materials: molybdenum and tungsten.Tungsten threads still illuminate most of humanity.

The industrial production of incandescent lamps began in 1905.Industrial production became possible on the basis of patent No. 34541 of two Hungarians: Sandora Eustor and Frano Hanaman in 1904.

The practical use of electricity applies not only to the lighting of houses and streets.AC transformers are created, electric motors are created, first operating from direct current, then asynchronous motors of alternating current.

But the basis of the basic use of electricity is the development or production of electric current with electric stations.The first power station was an electric generator of the transforming energy of a steam machine into electric energy.

At first, electric generators provided electricity for separate factories, workshops.In 1880, the first city power plants began to be built.The first power station was built in 1882 in New York under the leadership of the same Edison.

Saving with the help of reasonable self -restraint can be significant amounts of money.Let us dwell on some simple but effective methods of energy conservation in everyday life.

Heat saving

The insulation of window and door blocks allows you to increase the temperature in apartments and houses by 4-5 ° C and abandon the electric heater, which consumes up to 4000 kW ∙ h during the season.There are several simple ways of insulation:

• Flakes of cracks in window frames and doorways.For this, mounting foams, self -expanding sealing ribbons, silicone and acrylic sealants, etc. are used.The result is an increase in air temperature in the room by 1-2 degrees;
• sealing the narthex of windows and doors with the help of various self -adhesive seals and gaskets.Window seal is carried out not only around the perimeter, but also between the frames.The result is an increase in the temperature of the room by 1-3 degrees;
• Installation of new plastic or wooden windows with multi -chamber double -glazed windows, glass with heat -reflecting film and ventilators.Then the temperature in the room will be stable in winter and in summer, the air - fresh, the need to periodically open the window will disappear, throwing a large volume of warm air.The result is an increase in the temperature in the room by 2-5 degrees and a decrease in the level of street noise;
• Installation of the second door at the entrance to the apartment (house).The result is an increase in the temperature in the room by 1-2 degrees, a decrease in the level of external noise and gas content;
• Installation of a heat -reflecting screen (or aluminum foil) on the wall behind the heating radiator.The result is an increase in the temperature in the room by 1 degree.Try not to close the radiators with dense curtains, screens, furniture - heat will be more efficiently distributed in the room.Replace cast iron radiators with aluminum: their heat transfer is 40-50% higher.If the radiators are installed taking into account the convenient removal, it is possible to rinse them regularly, which also helps to increase heat transfer.Glazing the balcony or loggia is equivalent to installing an additional window.This creates a thermal buffer with an intermediate temperature of 10 ° C higher than on the street, in severe frost.It is not uncommon when there is a problem not with a lack of heat, but with its excess.The solution will be the installation of thermostat on radiators.

Electric energy savings

Replace ordinary incandescent lamps with LED.Their service life is 20 times more than the incandescent lamp, consumption is 8 times lower.During operation, the light pays itself 8-10 times.Use local lamps when there is no need for general lighting.Take a rule, leaving the room, extinguish the light.Disconnect devices that are in standby mode for a long time.TVs, computer, music centers in standby mode consume energy from 3 to 10 W ∙ h.During the year, this equipment, including chargers left in sockets, will give additional energy consumption of 200-300 kWh.

Use the technique of energy efficiency at least A. Additional energy consumption for household devices of outdated structures is approximately 50%.

Do not install the refrigerator next to a gas stove or a heating radiator.This increases the energy consumption by a refrigerator by 20-30%.The refrigerator seal should be clean and tightly fit to the body and door.Even a small gap in the seal increases energy consumption by 20-30%.Cool to room temperature products before their placement in the refrigerator.Do not forget to defrost the refrigerator more often

Do not close the refrigerator radiator, leave the gap between the wall of the room and the rear wall of the refrigerator so that it can freely cool.

If you have an electric stove in your kitchen, make sure that its burners are not deformed and tightly adjacent to the bottom of the heated dishes.This will eliminate the excessive consumption of heat and electricity.

Do not turn on the stove in advance and turn it off somewhat earlier than necessary to prepare the dish.Boil in an electric kettle as much water as you need to use.

Use light colors when decorating the walls of the apartment.Light walls, light curtains, clean windows, a reasonable number of colors reduce lighting costs by 10-15%.

Write down the readings of electricity meters and analyze how to reduce electricity consumption.

Turn off or transfer the computer into the sleeping mode if there is no need for its constant operation.With continuous round -the -clock work, the computer consumes 70–120 kW ∙ h per month.If necessary, continuous operation is more efficient to use a laptop or a computer with reduced energy consumption.In general, it is quite possible to reduce electricity consumption by 40-50% without reducing the quality of life and damage to habits.

Saving water

Be sure to install water meters.This will motivate to reduce water flow.Install lever switches on the faucets instead of rotary cranes.The saving of water will be 10-15% plus convenience in the selection of temperature.Do not turn on the water for full pressure.In 90% of cases, a small jet is quite enough, water consumption is reduced by 4-5 times.When washing and taking a shower, turn off the water when it is not necessary.The shower takes 10–20 times less water to accept the bath.Significant water saving occurs when two -threshold drain tanks are used.It is necessary to carefully check the presence of water leakage from the drain tank, which occurs due to the old accessories.Replacing accessories is not a very costly event, but water savings are significant.Through a thin stream of leaks, you can lose several cubic meters of water per month.In general, a reduction in water consumption is 4 times - the task is quite realized and low -cost.

Gas saving

Gas saving is primarily relevant if gas meters are installed in the apartments, there are individual heating points.In this case, all measures to save heat and hot water lead to gas savings.When cooking, there are also opportunities to save gas:

• The flame of the burner should not go beyond the bottom of the pan, pans, kettle, otherwise you just warm the air in the apartment (saving 50% or more);
• The deformed bottom of the dishes leads to a gas overspended up to 50%;
• The dishes in which food is prepared should be clean and not buried.Contaminated dishes requires 4-6 times more gas for cooking;
• Use economical dishes, these qualities are usually indicated by its manufacturer.The most energy economic products are made of stainless steel with a polished bottom, especially with a layer of copper or aluminum.Aluminum dishes, enamel, with Teflon coating is uneconomical;
• The oven door should fit tightly to the body of the plate and not release the hot air.In general, simply economical use of gas gives a reduction in its consumption by 2 times, the use of the proposed measures - about 3 times.

Energy efficiency for modern society is an axiom.The economical use of heat, electricity, water, gas allows you to reduce its own costs and improve the environmental situation on the planet as a whole.

Conclusion

The relatively non -long, but rapid development of the practical use of electricity, is undoubtedly the greatest achievement of mankind.But no matter what grandiose power plants work in our country, all of them where there is far.For the consumer, the main and family is the electrician of his apartment and home.How to make electrical wiring in an apartment and a house, which electrical networks are used for domestic needs, how to produce electrical equipment, how to repair an electrician with your own hands.